SASPI Ltd.
Systematic review/Scoping review with large effect size
State-of-the-Art Review: Diagnosis and Management of Spinal Implant Infections
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae436
Authors: Don Bambino Geno Tai et al.,
Highlights
Spinal implant infections are a serious complications of instrumented spinal fusion surgeries, carrying high morbidity and complex management challenges. Early postoperative infections may manifest with wound-healing issues, back pain, and fevers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality, but can be limited by metal artifacts. For cases with stable implants, surgical debridement with implant retention combined with at least 12 weeks of antibiotics is currently considered appropriate treatment. Staphylococcal infections are ideally treated with biofilm-active antibiotics. Suppressive antibiotic therapy can be considered when surgical debridement has been delayed or is incomplete, and for those who are poor surgical candidates for another surgery. Chronic infections may present insidiously with implant failure or pseudarthrosis; implant removal or revision is generally pursued. As current guidance is heavily based on the periprosthetic joint infection literature and low-level studies on spinal implant infections, further research on optimizing diagnostic and treatment approaches is needed.
Systematic review/Scoping review with large effect size
Association between influenza vaccination and prognosis in patients with ischemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiao Liu et al.,
Highlights
Pooled results from five randomized controlled trials involving 5,659 patients with ischemic heart disease, influenza vaccine reduced major cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality. Trial sequential analysis showed the benefit of influenza vaccine in reducing major cardiovascular events was conclusive. The influenza vaccine may serve as a cost-effective and efficient measure in secondary prevention against cardiac events and mortality reduction among patients with ischemic heart disease.
Multi-centric observational study with large effect
Global impact of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in all ages (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis
Authors: Julia C Bennett et al., (PSERENADE project)
Highlights
Long-term use of Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines PCV10 or PCV13 reduced invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) substantially in young children and more moderately in older ages. Non-vaccine-type serotypes increased approximately two-fold to three-fold by 6 years after introduction of PCV10 or PCV13. Continuing serotype 19A increases at PCV10 sites and declines at PCV13 sites suggest that PCV13 use would further reduce IPD at PCV10 sites.
Multi-centric observational study with large effect
Serotype distribution of remaining invasive pneumococcal disease after extensive use of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis
Authors: Maria Garcia Quesada et al., (PSERENADE project)
Highlights
The proportion of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to serotypes included in Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in use was low in mature PCV10 and PCV13 settings. Serotype distribution differed between PCV10 and PCV13 sites and age groups. Higher-valency PCVs target most remaining IPD and are expected to extend impact
Others
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific burden of diarrhoeal diseases, their risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990–2021, for 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: GBD 2021 Diarrhoeal Diseases Collaborators
Highlights
In 2021, diarrhoeal diseases caused an estimated 1·17 million (95% uncertainty interval 0·793–1·62) deaths globally, representing a 60·3% (50·6–69·0) decrease since 1990 (2·93 million [2·31–3·73] deaths). The most pronounced decline was in children younger than 5 years, with a 79·2% (72·4–84·6) decrease in diarrhoeal deaths. Globally in 2021, rotavirus was the predominant cause of diarrhoeal deaths across all ages, with a PAF of 15·2% (11·4–20·1), followed by norovirus at 10·6% (2·3–17·0) and Cryptosporidium spp at 10·2% (7·03–14·3). In children younger than 5 years, the fatal PAF of rotavirus was 35·2% (28·7–43·0), followed by Shigella spp at 24·0% (15·2–37·9) and adenovirus at 23·8% (14·8–36·3). Other pathogens with a fatal PAF greater than 10% in children younger than 5 years included Cryptosporidium spp, typical enteropathogenicEscherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic E coli producing heat-stable toxin. The substantial decline in the global burden of diarrhoeal diseases since 1990, particularly in children younger than 5 years, supports the effectiveness of health interventions such as oral rehydration therapy, enhanced water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure, and the introduction and scale-up of rotavirus vaccination. Targeted interventions and preventive measures against key risk factors and pathogens could further reduce this burden. Continued investment in the development and distribution of vaccines for leading pathogens remains crucial.